A novel natural rubber‐graft‐cassava starch foam for oil/gasohol absorption

The objective of this work was to study a novel foam prepared from natural rubber grafted with cassava starch (NR‐graft‐CSt) with the addition of super cell (SC) as a blowing agent. The effects of the blowing agent and grafting versus non‐grafting of the starch and the natural rubber on the properties of the foam were investigated. The results show that the optimum curing time decreases with increasing SC loading as observed using a moving die rheometer. The porosity, the number of cells per unit volume and the cell size of the NR/CSt blend increase as a function of the SC loading in the foam. A more open cell structure is produced by higher loadings of SC. The greatest number of cells per unit volume is found at 2 and 6 phr SC for NR‐graft‐CSt and NR/CSt blend, respectively. The foam produced was used as an absorbent for oil. The NR‐graft‐CSt foam shows a maximum percentage oil absorption of around 7 g g^?1. The NR‐graft‐CSt foam is able to be reused as an oil absorbent for a maximum number of over 30 times. The NR‐graft‐CSt foam shows better toluene resistance than the NR/CSt blend. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

Recent advances in the design,development, and targeting mechanisms of polymeric micelles for delivery of siRNA in cancer therapy

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a relatively novel nucleic acid-based therapy to treat diseases such as cancer. Nevertheless, substantial obstacles to its clinical applications have been reported, such as low cellular uptake, immunogenicity, off-target effects, and instability in physiological environments. The design of appropriate delivery vehicles capable of transporting siRNA to target cells has been pursued. Nanoparticles are extensively studied for the delivery of siRNA. Among the various nanocarriers, polymeric micelles have recently gained strong interest. Polymeric micelles of average nanometer size are straightforward to design and modify. Hydrophilic groups incorporated in the polymeric micelles can extend in vivo half-life of siRNA to ensure adequate accumulation in tumors, be exchanged for cations that electrostatically interact with siRNA, and be coupled to various ligands for cell-specific targeting. The polymeric micelle core provides stability and serves as a loading dock for drugs. In this review, the different types of polymers used, the design and characterization of polymeric micelles for siRNA delivery, and the established polymeric micelle targeting mechanisms are discussed.     

Succinyl pullulan-crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan sponges for potential wound dressing

The crosslinked succinyl pullulan-carboxymethyl chitosan composite sponges (Pullulan-CMCS) were fabricated for potential wound dressing. The structure and micromorphology of Pullulan-CMCS sponges were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. Pullulan-CMCS sponges had lots of porous structures, making it absorb much liquid and quickly reach swelling equilibrium. WVTR results showed that Pullulan-CMCS sponges can reduce the accumulation of wound exudates in a certain degree. Biocompatibility test showed these sponges had no cytotoxicity or hemolytic potential. In vivo experiments demonstrated that Pullulan-CMCS sponges can effectively heal full-layer wound of skin defects of male ICR mice with accelerated fibroblast proliferation and enhanced epithelial migration.     

建成环境景观水文研究框架构建——基于 数字景观技术的景观水文分析、评价与优化

景观水文概念的提出为风景园林涉水研究与实践提 供了一个交叉、整合和创新的窗口，旨在协同涉水学科、人居 环境设计学科等交叉领域，形成一套系统性、创新性的研究与 应用路径。基于现阶段景观水文相关研究进展，聚焦多尺度响 应下的建成环境涉水景观要素空间属性及其水文响应，明确了 建成环境景观水文研究范畴，包括概念、研究尺度和研究对 象。基于景观水文相关研究理论、方法与数字景观技术，从景 观水文研究目标体系、设计流程、分析方法、评价体系、优化 方法5个方面，构建了建成环境景观水文研究框架，包括多目 标集成的景观水文研究目标体系、全过程定量的景观水文规划 设计循证流程、多平台耦合的景观水文分析方法、多准则综合 的景观水文效益评价体系，以及多目标决策的景观水文优化设 计方法。景观水文研究领域的拓展需要跨学科领域的理论与技 术支持，也需要融入人居环境学科的设计方法和逻辑思维。基 于以往研究成果初步构建了建成环境景观水文研究框架，旨在 为景观水文相关研究与应用实践提供思路。     

基于海绵城市的生物滞留池水文效应分析

由城市化带来的水问题说明城市雨洪调控和建设海绵城市的重要性。运用暴雨洪水管理模型(SWMM)构建模型,模拟分析研究区天然状态、城市化后无调控措施和添加生物滞留池调控三种情景下水文指标的变化情况和相应的水文效应,并通过改变生物滞留池的表层厚度模拟径流参数的变化。结果表明,生物滞留池能有效减小径流、削减洪峰、延迟出口流量过程出现的时间,且对小降雨事件的调控性能显著;改变生物滞留池的表层厚度对下渗几乎无影响,随着表层厚度的增大表面出流和径流系数都减小,而对出口流量过程影响不大,因此可以提高生物滞留池的面积比例或其他措施共同调控城市的径流。     

海绵钛生产工艺中多极性镁电解槽技术应用研究

随着国内海绵钛生产企业的相继投产,海绵钛产量在加速提高,企业竞争日趋激烈.在采用的还原蒸馏技术基本相同的现状下,镁电解在海绵钛生产工艺中的重要性已成业内共识,多家企业相继引进了不同的镁电解技术来配套海绵钛生产.本文以引进的多极性镁电解槽技术应用研究为依据,论述了镁电解在海绵钛生产工艺中的重要性,探讨了在多极性镁电解槽生产中的重要控制因素,阐述了其先进性,为我国今后镁电解技术的选择明确了方向.     

氧化铝工业含铁赤泥制备DRI技术研究

利用氧化铝溶出废弃贫铁矿泥,配入自制添加剂,采用煤基直接还原焙烧一渣铁磁选分离一冷固成型的新工艺流程,通过X-ray,SEM-EDS手段,研究了国外铝土矿溶出废弃含铁矿泥煤基直接还原过程中金属铁晶粒长大特性,并着重讨论了添加剂种类、焙烧条件对金属铁晶粒长大特性的影响,生产出优质的海绵铁,其金属化率为92.9%,含铁品位为93.7%,铁回收率为94.42%。为氧化铝工业废弃贫铁矿泥综合利用开辟了道路。     

多孔载体海绵对CH4-N2-O2瓦斯气体水合分离影响（英文）

The findings were presented from laboratory investigations on the hydrate formation and dissociation processes employed to recover methane from coal mine gas.The separation process of coal mine methane(CMM) was carried out at 273.15K under 4.00 MPa.The key process variables of gas formation rate,gas volume stored in hydrate and separation concentration were closely investigated in twelve THF-SDS-sponge-gas systems to verify the sponge effect in these hydrate-based separation processes.The gas volume stored in hydrate is calculated based on the measured gas pressure.The CH4 mole fraction in hydrate phase is measured by gas chromatography to confirm the separation efficiency.Through close examination of the overall results,it was clearly verified that sponges with volumes of 40,60 and 80 cm 3 significantly increase gas hydrate formation rate and the gas volume stored in hydrate,and have little effect on the CH4 mole fraction in hydrate phase.The present study provides references for the application of the kinetic effect of porous sponge media in hydrate-based technology.This will contribute to CMM utilization and to benefit for local and global environment.     

离子液体法纤维素海绵的研究——(Ⅱ)纤维素含量的影响

采用离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIM]Cl)为溶剂、无水硫酸钠为成孔剂、脱脂棉为增强纤维,以棉浆为原料制备了离子液体法纤维素海绵,探讨了纤维素含量对纤维素海绵的吸水性、保湿性、拉伸强度、染色性能以及形态结构的影响。结果表明,随着纤维素含量的增加,纤维素海绵的致密度增加,吸水性和保湿性下降,但海绵的拉伸强度随之增大。当纤维素含量<6%时,纤维素海绵的染色性能基本保持不变,而当纤维素含量>6%时,海绵的染色性能略有下降。     

用于油水分离的超疏水氧化锌海绵的制备及其性能

针对目前油水分离材料制备工艺复杂、成本较高或性能较差的问题,利用简单的溶剂热法将纳米氧化锌涂覆在商用聚氨酯海绵的表面,随后用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷进行改性,成功制备了具有优异的油水分离特性的超疏水超亲油聚氨酯海绵。结果表明,该油水分离材料与水的接触角可高达160°,而油滴可在2 s内被完全吸收,且对各类油品都具有较高的吸油能力,均可达自身重量25倍左右。通过对油水分离后收集的油分进行FTIR检测分析发现所制备的油水分离材料具有优异的油水分离性能。制备的油水分离材料的涂层与海绵之间具有较强的粘附力,在丙酮溶液中超声振荡9 h之后仍保持良好的超疏水特性。另外,制备的超疏水超亲油聚氨酯海绵具备较好的耐酸碱腐蚀性能和重复利用性能,在重复吸油-脱油过程200次以后仍能保持超疏水超亲油特性。